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H&C: Humanitarian & Compassionate Grounds | Canada

Applying for permanent residence on H&C grounds. Hardship, best interests of the child, and establishment in Canada. Last resort solution.

Processing time: 24-48 months
Verified on: January 27, 2026

Who is this program for

People in Canada without valid immigration status or with temporary status who would face exceptional hardship if they had to return to their home country. This may include people whose refugee claims were rejected, people who overstayed their visas, or people who have been in Canada for a long time and are established.

Main criteria

1
Be physically present in Canada
2
Demonstrate exceptional hardship if you had to leave Canada
3
Have significant establishment in Canada
4
Show impact on children in Canada (if applicable)
5
Meet medical and security requirements

Process steps

1. Assess your situation

Determine if you have exceptional circumstances that justify an H&C application (establishment, family, children, country conditions).

2. Prepare a complete file

Gather all evidence of your establishment, family ties, potential hardship, and best interests of children. Include support letters.

3. Submit application

Submit your H&C application to IRCC with all forms, supporting documents, and fee payment.

4. Wait for decision

IRCC reviews your application. Processing can take several years. Keep your information updated.

5. Decision and follow-up

If approved, you will receive permanent residence. If refused, you can request judicial review at Federal Court.

Typical documents

Form IMM 5001 and other required forms
Personal letter explaining your circumstances
Proof of establishment (employment, taxes, volunteering, education)
Support letters from family, friends, employers, community
Documentation on country of origin conditions
Documents related to children (if applicable)
Medical examination
Police certificates

This list is not exhaustive. Required documents may vary depending on your situation.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • ⚠️Insufficiently documented file
  • ⚠️Not clearly demonstrating exceptional hardship
  • ⚠️Ignoring best interests of affected children
  • ⚠️Generic or unconvincing support letters
  • ⚠️Not providing country of origin documentation

Processing time

24-48 months

Estimated time. May vary based on application volume.

Check current processing times

Interested in this program?

Book an appointment for a personalized consultation and check your eligibility.

Book an appointment